{"id":24980,"date":"2020-09-07T20:31:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T19:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/audit-legal-et-contractuel\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:29:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T15:29:40","slug":"legal-and-contractual-audits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal and contractual audits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\" id=\"wpb-content-root\"><p>[vc_row gap=&#8221;20&#8243; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788121547462{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788445777958{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"lead\">Houdart A&amp;C is a statutory audit firm based in Paris\u2019s 11th arrondissement. We work with family-owned companies and groups, as well as portfolio companies backed by investment funds, with operations in France and internationally.<\/p>\n<p>Our commitment is based on the personal involvement of our partners at every stage of the engagement, alongside experienced all team members who share their clients\u2019 entrepreneurial mindset, while strictly complying with professional standards and the Code of Ethics.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788121539706{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #000A27 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;36438&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788121762728{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446345035{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221; el_class=&#8221;h5&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;font-size:0.8em;\">Houdart A&amp;C is registered with the Paris Regional Association of Statutory Auditors (Compagnie R\u00e9gionale des Commissaires aux Comptes de Paris).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118289709{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;background-color: #F0F0F0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788111972918{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446355982{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Why appoint Houdart A&amp;C as your statutory auditor?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446370530{margin-top: 40px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]Our approach is based on a firm conviction: a high-quality audit results from a tailored approach, experienced teams, strong partner involvement and agility in execution.<\/p>\n<p>An audit goes beyond a review of the accounts. It requires consideration of the entity\u2019s operating environment and industry, together with an assessment of its procedures and internal controls. Our structured and constructive approach enables us to carry out this engagement within a relationship of trust with our clients.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446379046{margin-top: 20px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-right-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 0px !important;border-left-width: 3px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 1em; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whatever the nature of the audit engagement, Houdart A&amp;C places particular emphasis on the technical expertise of all team members and the personal involvement of its partners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446390712{margin-top: 20px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although our primary <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/nos-articles\/audit\/roles-et-missions-commissaires-aux-comptes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">role as statutory auditor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is to certify separate or consolidated annual financial statements, we are also engaged to provide other services, including <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/nos-articles\/audit\/la-mission-de-due-diligence-et-les-retraitements-de-lebitda\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due diligence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We are also regularly appointed as statutory auditor on an ad hoc basis for specific assignments relating to capital transactions, business combinations or changes in legal form.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, you may also engage our firm to perform a contractual audit, the precise scope and terms of which will be defined jointly according to your needs.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788112046092{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118400179{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446522150{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Key figures<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118499599{margin-top: 40px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; max-width: 880px; margin: 0 auto; background: #000a27; border-radius: 4px; padding: 24px 18px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif;\">\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; padding: 2px 20px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff;\"><span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif; font-size: 42px; line-height: 1; color: #fff;\">80<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1.3px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 7px 0 2px;\">statutory audit appointments<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);\">In Paris and throughout France<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; padding: 2px 20px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);\"><span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif; font-size: 42px; line-height: 1; color: #fff;\">2<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1.3px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 7px 0 2px;\">partners<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);\">Personally involved<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px; padding: 2px 20px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);\"><span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Libre Baskerville', serif; font-size: 42px; line-height: 1; color: #fff;\">30+<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 1.3px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 7px 0 2px;\">professionals<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"display: block; font-family: 'Lato', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);\">Experienced and highly<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118297684{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;background-color: #F0F0F0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118575986{margin: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446532374{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Profile of clients that have appointed Houdart A&amp;C as statutory auditor<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118329990{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 4px !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446601959{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]Our statutory audit appointments cover a broad range of entities, including industrial groups, technology companies, regulated professions, art-market businesses and family investment holding companies. Their annual revenues vary considerably, ranging from approximately \u20ac10 million to \u20ac750 million.<\/p>\n<p>They share the same expectations of quality, rigour and efficiency in the audit of their separate or consolidated annual financial statements.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118348039{margin: 0px !important;padding: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border: 1px solid #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446617982{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]They expect genuine involvement from their statutory auditor in Paris. At Houdart A&#038;C, our partners are their primary points of contact, and our clients value our ability to understand the challenges facing their business beyond a purely accounting perspective.<\/p>\n<p>We regard every statutory audit appointment as a mark of confidence in the quality of our services, requiring an impeccable ethical framework.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788119567149{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118575986{margin: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446628633{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>The different engagements for which Houdart A&amp;C is appointed as statutory auditor<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118329990{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 4px !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449345561{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Certification of separate and consolidated annual financial statements<\/h3>\n<p>As part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/statutory-audit\/\">statutory audit<\/a>, this engagement is intended to express an opinion on the regularity and reliability of the financial information made available to all of the company\u2019s stakeholders.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446693019{margin-top: 20px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #F2F2F2 !important;}&#8221;]Our audit approach is based on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a risk-based approach focused on the key issues,<\/li>\n<li>industry expertise,<\/li>\n<li>an assessment of internal control systems,<\/li>\n<li>an understanding of financial flows and complex accounting treatments,<\/li>\n<li>open and effective communication with the company\u2019s key contacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118348039{margin: 0px !important;padding: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border: 1px solid #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449332993{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Services other than the certification of financial statements<\/h3>\n<p>As part of our appointment as statutory auditor in Paris, we may be entrusted with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/statutory-audit-services-other-than-account-certification\/\">procedures other than the certification of financial statements<\/a>, with a view to issuing a report that addresses specific needs. The most common services include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Audit \/ Limited review: An opinion on accounting and financial information prepared by you.<\/li>\n<li>Attestations: A conclusion on the consistency, agreement or compliance of accounting and financial information prepared by you.<\/li>\n<li>Internal control: Opinions and recommendations on internal control procedures and their implementation.<\/li>\n<li>Consultations: A technical opinion on an accounting treatment or financial information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner css_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788292975665{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xl-inherit vc_col-lg-inherit vc_col-md-12 vc_col-sm-inherit&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446769764{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Due diligence<\/h3>\n<p>Whether as part of our statutory appointment or under a separate contractual engagement, we perform financial due diligence to support your acquisitions and disposals. Whether you are a buyer (buy-side) or seller (sell-side), our work provides the analytical and valuation basis (including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/nos-articles\/audit\/la-mission-de-due-diligence-et-les-retraitements-de-lebitda\/\">adjustments to normalise EBITDA<\/a>) that is essential to informed decision-making.<\/p>\n<p>On the buy-side, our work includes an in-depth review of historical and forecast financial statements, the identification of accounting, tax and employment-related risks, an analysis of earnings quality (normalised EBITDA and non-recurring items), and a review of off-balance-sheet commitments. On the sell-side, we help you prepare your financial data room, anticipate questions from prospective buyers and ensure that your financial performance is presented on a robust basis.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118329990{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 4px !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788446801938{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Ad hoc statutory auditor<\/h3>\n<p>Outside an existing statutory audit appointment, we may be appointed as statutory auditor to assess the terms on which certain transactions requiring a statutory auditor\u2019s involvement are carried out within an entity that does not otherwise have one.<\/p>\n<p>These one-off assignments mainly concern:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Capital increases with the disapplication of pre-emptive subscription rights,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Payment of a capital increase by way of set-off against receivables,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Interim dividends,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">The issue of debt securities giving access to the share capital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118348039{margin: 0px !important;padding: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border: 1px solid #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449304221{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Contribution auditor<\/h3>\n<p>When a company is incorporated or increases its share capital through contributions in kind, the value of those contributions must be assessed by an independent expert in order to preserve equal treatment among shareholders or partners.<\/p>\n<p>As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/contribution-auditor\/\">contribution auditor<\/a>, our principal role is to assess:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The value of the contributions, ensuring that they are not overstated and are at least equal to the nominal value of the shares or units to be issued,<\/li>\n<li>Any special benefits that may be provided for in connection with the transaction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The contribution auditor\u2019s engagement is governed by professional standards defining the procedures to be performed, the form of the report to be issued and the applicable deadlines.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118329990{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 4px !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449289417{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Merger auditor<\/h3>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/merger-auditor\/\">merger auditor\u2019s<\/a> role is to validate the legal information relating to the merger and assess the fairness of the exchange ratio between the companies concerned, so that no shareholder or partner is disadvantaged, particularly where minority interests are concerned. The auditor also ensures that the rights of both existing and future shareholders or partners are respected throughout the transaction.<\/p>\n<p>The merger auditor\u2019s engagement is governed by professional standards defining the procedures to be performed, the form of the report to be issued and the applicable deadlines.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118348039{margin: 0px !important;padding: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border: 1px solid #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449276204{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Conversion auditor<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When a company of any legal form is converted into a company limited by shares, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/transformation-commissioner\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">conversion auditor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> must, under their own responsibility, assess the value of the assets comprising the company\u2019s assets and any special benefits. The auditor must ensure that those assets are not overstated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conversion auditor must be able to certify that shareholders\u2019 equity is at least equal to the company\u2019s share capital and, where applicable, identify any special benefits granted. The engagement is governed by professional standards defining the procedures to be performed, the form of the report to be issued and the applicable deadlines.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner gap=&#8221;20&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118606819{margin-top: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118329990{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;border-top-width: 1px !important;border-right-width: 1px !important;border-bottom-width: 1px !important;border-left-width: 1px !important;padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 20px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;padding-left: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-radius: 4px !important;border-color: #D1D0D0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788448930524{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Contractual audit<\/h3>\n<p>These <a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/en\/our-services\/legal-and-contractual-audits\/contractual-audits\/\">contractual diagnostic and assessment engagements<\/a> may relate to your processes or to financial information prepared by you. Their precise scope and terms are agreed jointly and may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Business valuations in connection with external growth or restructuring transactions,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Analysis of internal control procedures and their implementation,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Valuation of assets or liabilities in connection with targeted transactions,<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Assessment of specific risks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788118348039{margin: 0px !important;padding: 20px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;border: 1px solid #D1D0D0 !important;border-radius: 4px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449209736{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Audit of sustainability reports<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houdart-ac.fr\/nos-articles\/rse\/csrd-quest-ce-que-cest\/\">The EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive<\/a> (CSRD) is progressively requiring a growing number of companies to publish a certified sustainability report. Some entities below the applicable thresholds have chosen to publish a sustainability report by reference to the voluntary VSME standard. As statutory auditors, we support your teams in understanding the requirements, structuring their reporting and verifying the compliance of the published information.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788120694350{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 80px !important;background-color: #F0F0F0 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788111972918{margin-top: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449218912{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>FAQ on the appointment of a statutory auditor<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788449254745{margin-top: 40px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>When does the appointment of a statutory auditor become mandatory?<\/h3>\n<p>A company must appoint a statutory auditor once it exceeds certain thresholds (\u20ac5 million in total assets, \u20ac10 million in revenue and 50 employees for commercial companies). Certain entities must also appoint a statutory auditor regardless of their size, including public-interest entities and companies that prepare consolidated financial statements.<\/p>\n<h3>How is a statutory auditor appointed?<\/h3>\n<p>The statutory auditor is generally appointed by the partners or shareholders at an ordinary general meeting. Following the vote at the general meeting, the appointment must be subject to the required legal publication formalities and filed with the commercial court registry.<\/p>\n<h3>What are the risks of failing to appoint a statutory auditor when required?<\/h3>\n<p>Failure to appoint a statutory auditor when required may result in civil and criminal penalties, including the invalidity of certain collective decisions taken without a statutory auditor in office.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row gap=&#8221;20&#8243; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788121547462{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1788445777958{margin-top: 0px !important;margin-right: 0px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;margin-left: 0px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;padding-left: 0px !important;}&#8221;] Houdart A&amp;C is a statutory audit firm based&#8230; 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